仪器仪表故障诊断的五种方法

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　　仪器仪表电路维修在电子类的公司里从来都是不可缺少的一部分。因为只有通过它才能让原本不合格的产品最终出厂。然而，维修也是电子公司中最为复杂的一部分。因为它不仅要运用到许多电子专业知识,有时也需要有丰富的现场经验。下面就我个人多年来总结的维修经验与感兴趣的朋友分享一下。

　　1、敲击手压法

　　经常会遇到仪器仪表运行时好时坏的现象，这种现象绝大多数是由于接触不良或虚焊造成的。对于这种情况可以采用敲击与手压法。

　　所谓的“敲击”就是对可能产生故障的部位，通过小橡皮鎯头或其他敲击物轻轻敲打插件板或部件，看看是否会引起出错或停机故障。所谓“手压”就是在故障出现时，关上电源后对插的部件和插头和座重新用手压牢，再开机试试是否会消除故障。如果发现敲打一下机壳正常，再敲打又不正常时，最好先将所有接头重插牢再试，若伤脑筋不成功，只好另想办法了。

　　2、观察法
 
　　利用视觉、嗅觉、触觉。某些时候，损坏了的元件会变色、起泡或出现烧焦的斑点；烧坏的器件会产生一些特殊的气味；短路的芯片会发烫；用肉眼也能观察到虚焊或脱焊处。

　　3、排除法
 
　　所谓的排除法是通过拔插机内一些插件板、器件来判断故障原因的方法。当拔除某一插件板或器件后仪表恢复正常，就说明故障发生在那里。

　　4、替换法
 
　　要求有两台同型号的仪器或有足够的备件。将一个好的备品与故障机上的同一元器件进行替换，看故障是否消除。

　　5、对比法
 
　　要求有两台同型号的仪器仪表，并有一台是正常运行的。使用这种方法还要具备必要的设备，例如，万用表、示波器等。按比较的性质分有，电压比较、波形比较、静态阻抗比较、输出结果比较、电流比较等。

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学习了，很好的

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