机顶盒原理2
<span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> 机顶盒原理及关键技术</span><span lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"> <br /></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> </span><span lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">1. </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">机顶盒原理</span><span lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"> <br /></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> 有线数字电视机顶盒接收数字电视节目、处理数据业务和完成多种应用的解析。信源在进入有线电视网络前完成两级编码，一是传输用的信道编码，另一级是音、视频信号的信源编码和所有信源封装成传输流。与前端相应，接收端机顶盒首先从传输层提取信道编码信号，完成信道解调</span><span lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">; </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">其次是还原压缩的信源编码信号，恢复原始音、视频流，同时完成数据业务和多种应用的接收、解析。</span><span lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"> <br /></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> 机顶盒由高频头、信道解调器、信源解复用器、</span><span lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">MPEG-2</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">解码器、视频编码器、音频</span><span lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">D/A</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">、嵌入式</span><span lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">CPU</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">系统和外围接口、条件接收模块等组成。具有交互功能的机顶盒则需回传通道。</span><span lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"> <br /></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> 高频头接收来自有线网的高频信号，通过</span><span lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">QAM</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">解调器完成信道解码，从载波中分离出包含音、视频和其它数据信息的传送流</span><span lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">(TS)</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">。传送流中一般包含多个音、视频流及一些数据信息。解复用器则用来区分不同的节目，提取相应的音、视频流和数据流，送入</span><span lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">MPEG-2</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">解码器和相应的解析软件，完成数字信息的还原。对于付费电视，条件接收模块对音、视频流实施解扰，并采用含有识别用户和进行记账功能的智能卡，保证合法用户正常收看。</span><span lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">MPEG-2</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">解码器完成音、视频信号的解压缩，经视频编码器和音频</span><span lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">D/A</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">变换，还原出模拟音、视频信号，在常规彩色电视机上显示高质量图像，并提供多声道立体声节目。</span><span lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"> <br /></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> </span><span lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">2. </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">机顶盒关键技术</span><span lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"> <br /></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> </span><span lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">a. </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">机顶盒硬件技术</span><span lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"> <br /></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> </span><span lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">(1)</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">信道解调技术</span><span lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">: </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">国际、国内标准均规定，在有线网络中传输数字电视及增值业务采用</span><span lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">QAM</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">调制方式，其中</span><span lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">16QAM</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">、</span><span lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">32QAM</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">、</span><span lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">64QAM</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">必选，</span><span lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">128QAM</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">和</span><span lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">256QAM</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">可选。由于有线网络信道质量好，只用</span><span lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">RS</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">编码作为纠错编码。</span><span lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"> <br /></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> </span><span lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">(2)</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">信源解码技术</span><span lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">: </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">模拟信号数字化后，信息量激增，必须采用相应的数据压缩标准。数字电视广播采用</span><span lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">MPEG-2</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">视频压缩标准，适用多种清晰度图像质量。音频目前则有</span><span lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">AC-3</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">和</span><span lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">MPEG-2</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">两种标准。信源解码器必须适应不同编码策略，正确还原原始音、视频数据。</span><span lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"> <br /></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> </span><span lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">(3)</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">大规模集成芯片技术</span><span lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">: </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">为实现实时的解复用和数据信息处理，目前的系统大多采用专用芯片，将</span><span lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">CPU </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">内核与</span><span lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">MPEG-2</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">传输流解复用器，</span><span lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">DVB</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">通用解扰器，</span><span lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">MPEG</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">音视频解码器，</span><span lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">NTSC/PAL</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">编码器集成，形成</span><span lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">STB </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">的核心芯片。</span><span lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"> <br /></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> </span><span lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">(4)</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">上行数据的调制编码</span><span lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">: </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">开展交互式应用，需要考虑上行数据的调制编码问题。目前普遍采用的有</span><span lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">3</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">种方式，采用电话线传送上行数据，采用以太网卡传送上行数据和通过有线网络传送上行数据。</span><span lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"> <br /></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> </span><span lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">b. </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">机顶盒软件结构</span><span lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"> <br /></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> 广播数字化后，数字电视技术中软件技术占有更为重要的位置。除了音视频的解码由硬件实现外，包括电视内容的重现、操作界面的实现、数据广播业务的实现，直至机顶盒和个人计算机的互联以及和</span><span lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">Internet</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">的互联都需要由软件来实现。</span><span lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"> <br /></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> 除去硬件，第一层软件提供操作系统内核以及各种硬件驱动程序，第二层中间件将应用软件与依赖于硬件的底层软件分隔开来，使应用不依赖于具体的硬件平台，第三层应用软件包括本机存储的应用和用户即时下载的应用。</span><span lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"> <br /></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> </span><span lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">(1)</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">硬件驱动层软件</span><span lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">: </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">驱动程序驱动硬件功能，如射频解调器、传输解复用器、</span><span lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">A/V</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">解码器、</span><span lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">OSD</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">、视频编码器等。</span><span lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"> <br /></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> </span><span lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">(2)</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">实时操作系统</span><span lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">: </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">与</span><span lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">PC</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">操作系统不同，机顶盒中的操作系统采用实时操作系统</span><span lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">(RTOS)</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">，可以在实时的环境中工作，并能在较小的内存空间中运行。目前流行的实时操作系统有</span><span lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">VxWorks</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">、</span><span lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">Psos</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">、</span><span lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">OS20</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">、</span><span lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">Windows CE</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">等。这些操作系统各有所长，在机顶盒中都有应用。</span><span lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"> <br /></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> </span><span lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">(3)</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">中间件</span><span lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">: </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">在开发机顶盒上层应用中常常会面对如下问题</span><span lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">: </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">实时多任务操作系统，硬件平台原理细节，复杂的行业标准，繁杂的用户界面以及实用功能等各项跨行业的难题。为了解决上述问题，中间件技术应运而生，并成为数字电视核心技术，也就是我们前面提到的开放式业务平台。中间件是在数字电视接收机的应用程序和操作系统、硬件平台之间嵌入的一个中间层，定义一组较为完整的、标准的应用程序接口，使应用程序独立于操作系统和硬件平台，从而将应用的开发变得更加简捷，使产品的开放性和可移植性更强。它通常由</span><span lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">Java</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">虚拟机、网络浏览器、图像与多媒体模块等组成。开放的业务平台上的特点在于产品的开发和生产以一个业务平台为基础，开放的业务平台为每个环节提供独立的运行模式，每个环节拥有自身的利润，能产生多个供应商。只有采用开放式业务平台才能保证机顶盒的扩展性，保证投资的有效回收。</span><span lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"> <br /><br /></span>
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